眼镜新闻,眼镜资讯

Chapter 1

optometrist 视光师                        ophthalmologist 眼科医师

optician 配镜师          Orbit 眼眶           optic foramen 视神经孔

the Extraocular Muscles EOMS 眼外肌           rectus muscle 直肌

oblique muscle 斜肌                  lid or eyelid（palpebra）眼睑

adduction, abduction, elevation, depression, cyclotorsion: 内收，外展，上转，下转，旋转              canthus 眼角，眦

conjunctiva (palpebral, bulbar, fornix) 结膜（睑结膜，球结膜，穹隆结膜）

eyelashes 睫毛                    caruncle 小阜，肉阜

pupil 瞳孔                lacrimal apparatus 泪器

tear film （mucin layer, aqueous layer, lipid layer） 泪膜 (粘液层，水质层， 脂质层)                         plica semilunaris 半月皱襞

lacrimal punctum 泪小点                 canaliculi：泪小管 

lacrimal sac泪囊             nasolacrimal duct鼻泪管）

goblet cell 杯状细胞      sclera 巩膜           episclera 巩膜表层

cornea (epithelium，Bowman’s membrane, stromal layer, Desceman’s membrane, endothelium) 角膜（上皮层， Bowman氏膜，基质层，Desceman 氏膜，内皮层）        limbus 角巩缘        anterior/posterior chamber 前房/后房 

aqueous humor 房水         iris 虹膜             dilator muscle 开大肌

sphincter muscle 括约肌                   ciliary body睫状体

crystalline lens, lens 晶状体        zonules悬韧带       vitreous 玻璃体

choroids 脉络膜        uvea 葡萄膜          retina 视网膜

photoreceptor cells (rods, cones) 光感受器细胞（视杆，视锥）

macula 黄斑        optic disc/cup 视盘        macula fovea 黄斑中心凹

foveola, foveola centralis 中心小凹            fundus 眼底

Chapter 2

Optic nerve 视神经        Optic Chiasm 视交叉         Optic tract 视束

Optic radiations 视放射            Lateral Geniculate body 外侧膝状体

Meyer’s loop Meyer氏环      Occipital lobe 枕叶     Visual cortex 视皮质

dyslexia [医] 诵读困难        congruous adj. 一致的, 符合的, 适合的

hemianopia n.[医]偏盲, 一侧视力缺失          quadranopsia 象限盲

homonymous 同名的，同侧的；同一关系的：在眼科学上，将两眼的视野垂直地分为均等的两部，即右侧视野(左眼鼻侧一半，右眼颞侧)和左侧视野(左眼颞侧一半，右眼鼻侧)

scotoma〔复scotomata〕暗点，盲点        blind spot n. 盲点

tunnel vision n. [医](眼科)管状视           Binocular vision 双眼视觉

Monocular vision 单眼视觉         Stereo vision or stereopsis 立体视

Depth perception 深度觉                       Pigment n. 色素

Deficient adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的    Congenital adj.天生的, 先天的

Acquired adj.已获得的                 carrier n. 携带者

miosis：Constriction of the pupil of the eye, resulting from a normal response to an increase in light or caused by certain drugs or pathological conditions. 缩瞳，眼睛瞳孔的缩小，是对光线增强的正常反应结果或由某些药物或病理学情况而引起。                   accommodation reflex 调节反射

refractive error 屈光不正  optical adj. 眼的，视力的，视觉的; 光的，光学的

prism n. 棱镜            base n. 底             apex n. 顶

convergent lens 会聚镜片                     biconvex lens 双凸镜片

divergent lens 发散镜片                 biconcave双凹镜片

spherical lens: 球面透镜                        cylinder: 柱面透镜

spherocylindrical lens 球柱面透镜                focal point 焦点

focal length 焦长           diopter 屈光度         emmetropia 正视眼

ametropia 非正视眼              myopia：nearsightedness 近视

hyperopia: farsightedness 远视                  astigmatism 散光

presbyopia老视            single Vision Lens 单光镜

bifocal Lens 双光镜              trifocal Lens 三光镜

Progressive Addition Lens (PAL) 渐进多焦点镜片      prescription 处方

amblyopia 弱视         aphakia 无晶体眼       pseudophakia 假晶体眼

cataract 白内障                 intraocular lens IOL 人工晶体，眼内晶体

contact lens 角膜接触镜， 隐形眼镜         anisometropia 屈光参差

antimetropia两眼屈光不等；例如一眼近视，另一眼远视

aniseikonia两眼物像不等症

Chapter 3

肿瘤 tumor            细菌 bacteria/bacterium            病毒 virus

真菌 fungus/fungi            感染 infection            阻塞 obstruct

破坏 destroy           异物 foreign body                过敏 allergy

水肿 edema                疤痕 scar                 溃疡 ulcer

排泄 excretion         复发的 recurrent              角膜炎 keratitis

白内障 cataract            混浊 opacification          青光眼 glaucoma

视盘 optic disc            inflammation 炎症               cure 痊愈

lacrimal gland 泪腺            ointment 药膏              lesion 损害

trauma 外伤                  atrophy 萎缩              papilla 乳头

follicle 滤泡            dystrophy 营养不良          abnormality 异常

degeneration 变性；退化     acid 酸                  hemorrhage 出血

iridotomy 虹膜切开术                         benign 良性的

neovascularization 新生血管     light sensitivity 畏光    uveitis 葡萄膜炎

nucleus 核                  PDR 增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变

AMD 老年黄斑变性       CNV 脉络膜新生血管         heredity 遗传

Chapter 4

Strabismus 斜视       Amblyopia 弱视        Neurology  神经学, 神经病学

Orthophoria 正位             tropia 显斜                   Phoria 隐斜

Olfactory 嗅神经           Optic 视神经             Oculomotor 动眼神经

Trochlear 滑车神经       Trigeminal 三叉神经        Abducens 外展神经

Facial 面神经                   Vestibulocochlear (acoustic nerve) 前庭神经

Glossopharyngeal 舌咽神经                 Vagus 迷走神经

Spinal accessory  （ accessory）副神经              Hypoglosssal 舌下神经

Chapter 5

symptoms  症状      flashing of light 闪光感           diagnosis 诊断

blurry vision     视物模糊                    burning   烧灼感

curtain over the vision 视物遮幕感             distorted vision  视物变形

diplopia   复视           Introcular lens人工晶体            trauma 外伤

dislocation of lens 晶体脱位        multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化

diabetes     糖尿病                myasthenia gravis  重症肌无力

fluctuating vision   视力波动      glare 眩光           halos  光晕

headaches 头痛          itching   痒           light flash 闪光感

photophobia  畏光               loss of central vision 中心视力下降

loss of depth perception  深度觉下降             visual field  视野

poor distance vision 远视力下降               floater  漂浮物

vitreous detachment 玻璃体脱离         retinal detachment 视网膜脱离

retinal hemorrhage 视网膜出血              cataract  白内障

asthenopia 眼疲劳          swelling 水肿             chalazion 霰粒肿

chapter 6

taking history   病史采集        chief complaint  主诉

over-the-counter medicines 非处方药         social history  社会史

visual acuity  视力       afferent papillary defect  相对传入性瞳孔障碍

confrontation visual field 对比视野检查法

Chapter 7

主诉 chief complaints         棱镜 prism       视野 visual field

调节 accommodation       交叉柱镜 cross cylinder     眼底 fundus

裂隙灯 slit lamp        视力 visual acuity            融合 fusion

抑制 suppression血压   blood pressure并发症  complicationTonometer 眼压计

diplopia 复视           trial frame 试镜架       ultrasound 超声

Chapter 8

benign (病)良性的; (气候)良好的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的

malignant 恶性的; 癌转移倾向的

biopsy: A portion of the growth is removed [医]活组织检查, 活组织切片检查

pathology : Evaluation to determine if malignant 病理学

graft: transplant tissue from another part of the patient’s body 移植

flap: skin adjacent to the wound is moved over 皮片，皮瓣

cautery: ①an agent or instrument used to destroy abnormal tissue by burning, searing, or scarring, including caustic substances, electric currents, lasers, and very hot or very cold instruments. 腐蚀剂，烧灼器 ②the act or process of cauterizing. 烧灼术，烙术

cryotherapy: the local or general use of low temperatures in medical therapy 冷冻法，低温(冷)疗法

trichiasis : ingrown lashes 倒睫

epilation: the machanical removal of the hair by the roots 拔毛

electrolysis: destruction of living tissue, especially of hair roots, by means of an electric current applied with a needle-shaped electrode.n. 电解

ectropion : out-turned lid 睑外翻           entropion : in-turned lid 睑内翻

blepharoplasty: plastic surgery of the eyelid (去除眼袋、鱼尾纹等的)眼睑整容术

corneal transplant 角膜移植                     keratotomy  角膜切开术

radial keratotomy 放射状角膜切开术    astigmatic keratotomy 散光角膜切开术

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis 准分子角膜原位磨镶术 

Laser trabeculoplasty: perforation by a laser beam of the trabecular meshwork of the angle of the anterior chamber to facilitate aqueous humor outflow for the treatment of glaucoma. 激光小梁塑型术 激光小梁成形术 

Trabeculotomy: surgical incision of the trabecular meshwork to create a communication between the anterior chamber and outflow channels, for the treatment of glaucoma. 小梁切开术 在小梁网中用手术切开来制造一个通道，使前房能连接到房水流出通道而治疗青光眼。    Drainage implant : 房水引流装置植入术

Iridotomy 虹膜切开术         Phacoemulsification 超声乳化白内障吸出术

Intraocular lens IOL 人工晶体，眼内晶体    recession 后退     resection 切除

Scleral buckle 巩膜扣带环        Enucleation 眼球摘除术

Chapter 9

antibiotics 抗生素  topical 局部的   sterile 无菌的    inhibitor 抑制剂